Evaluation of COSMIC-2 performance in detecting atmospheric boundary layer height and analysis of its variation

Abstract

Abstract The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height (ABLH) is an essential index for climate and weather studies in the troposphere. Obtaining abundant and precise observations is crucial for modeling the top of the ABL. The radio occultation can provide observation data of Earth’s atmosphere with high vertical resolution and comprehensive spatial coverage, benefiting from its measurement mode. Thanks to the improved quality of Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC)-2 lower atmosphere observations, its substantial amount and higher-quality atmospheric profile data are well suited for ABLH detection. Therefore, 1.4 million COSMIC-2 refractivity profiles from October 2019 to September 2020 were employed to determine the ABLH, and its retrieval performance is assessed using the official COSMIC-2 product (zbalmax) and radiosonde data. The retrieval results show that most of the effectively detected ABLH occultation events occur over the ocean. Comparing COSMIC-2 ABLH and zbalmax, consistent accuracy is found with a standard deviation of 0.22 km. Similar biases are observed each month. And the inversion accuracy in the Northern Hemisphere is higher than in the Southern Hemisphere. The ABLH derived from radiosonde data and COSMIC-2 has a high correlation coefficient of no less than 0.75. The better accuracy happened in the DJF (i.e. from December to February) for both comparisons with two datasets. Additionally, the distribution and seasonal variations were revealed by modeling verified COSMIC-2 ABLH. The fifth generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate (ERA5) surface temperature and self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index are used to analyze the impact of temperature and drought on ABLH. The results indicate that higher surface temperatures lead to a smaller ABLH, whereas drought at the surface leads to a larger ABLH. Therefore, the higher precision ABLH can be derived from COSMIC-2 after verification, and we can reveal its seasonal variation and influencing factors on this basis.