Effects of a contusive spinal cord injury on cortically-evoked spinal spiking activity in rats

Abstract

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on spike activity evoked in the hindlimb spinal cord of the rat from cortical electrical stimulation. Approach. Adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a Healthy or SCI group. SCI rats were given a 175 kDyn dorsal midline contusion injury at the level of the T8 vertebrae. At 4 weeks post-SCI, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was delivered at several sites in the hindlimb motor cortex of anesthetized rats, and evoked neural activity was recorded from corresponding sites throughout the dorsoventral depths of the spinal cord and EMG activity from hindlimb muscles. Main results. In healthy rats, post-ICMS spike histograms showed reliable, evoked spike activity during a short-latency epoch 10–12 ms after the initiation of the ICMS pulse train (short). Longer latency spikes occurred between ∼20 and 60 ms, generally following a Gaussian distribution, rising above baseline at time L ON, followed by a peak response (L p), and then falling below baseline at time L OFF. EMG responses occurred between L ON and L p( 25–27 ms). In SCI rats, short-latency responses were still present, long-latency responses were disrupted or eliminated, and EMG responses were never evoked. The retention of the short-latency responses indicates that spared descending spinal fibers, most likely via the cortico-reticulospinal pathway, can still depolarize spinal cord neurons after a dorsal midline contusion injury. Significance. This study provides novel insights into the role of alternate pathways for voluntary control of hindlimb movements after SCI that disrupts the corticospinal tract in the rat.