Grain size and heavy metal assessment in barchan dunes surrounding the Talatan PV power generation area, Qinghai Province

Abstract

Abstract Heavy metal contamination in sediments near photovoltaic (PV) power generation areas poses potential environmental risks, requiring detailed characterization and source apportionment to facilitate sustainable management. This research explores the characteristics of sediment grains and the concentrations of heavy metals present in surface sediments from barchan dunes proximal to the Talatan Photovoltaic (PV) power generation area, located within Gonghe County, Qinghai Province. The sediments displayed an average grain size within the medium sand range, with marginal differences discernible between the windward and leeward slopes. With the exception of Mn, Cu, Zn, V, Pb, and Ba, concentrations of the remaining metals were found to surpass the baseline levels established by Chinese aeolian soil data, alluding to potential anthropogenic influences. Through employing coefficients of variation in multivariate statistical analysis, it was identified that the concentrations of Cr and Co were significantly elevated, suggesting potential anthropogenic contamination, which may be associated with photovoltaic industrial activities. Specifically, the elevated concentrations of Cr and Co suggested anthropogenic contamination, potentially associated with photovoltaic industrial activities. Utilizing a combination of Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and Cluster Analysis, three potential sources of heavy metals were identified: (1) industrial origin for elements such as Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, and As; (2) elements with limited direct application in the photovoltaic industry but associated with materials and energy storage, namely Ba, V, and Mn; (3) anthropogenic inputs related to construction materials and battery storage systems in the photovoltaic park, specifically Co and Pb. The findings offer a significant understanding of the heavy metal characteristics and sources in proximity to the Talatan PV power generation area, emphasizing the impact of human activities on environmental quality. These insights underscore the necessity for enhanced monitoring and management of industrial activities to mitigate potential environmental impacts. Further research is recommended on a broader spatial scale to yield a more comprehensive understanding of this subject.