Assessment of the force attenuation capability of 3D printed hip protector in simulated sideways fall

Abstract

Abstract An innovative 3D printed hip protector has been designed and tested to decrease the possibility of hip fracture in a sideways fall to a hard surface. The main design purpose was to create custom fit hip protector, reduce the manufacturing period and make the protector comfortable to wear. This work compares the new energy shunting 3D printed hip protector design with an existing energy absorbing hip protector. A drop tower mechanical test rig was designed and developed to simulate a sideways fall with sufficient impact energy to fracture an unprotected greater trochanter (GT). The test rig incorporates the actual geometry of a femur made from steel and uses a foam to simulate trochanteric soft tissue over the greater trochanter. Similar impact energy was used for the testing of each hip protector. The weight of the striker mass was maintained, and the height was adjusted to obtain an impact energy of 21–43J to produce femoral neck force of 3–9 kN. Results illustrate that the 3D hip protector compares favorably in attenuating impact force capable of causing hip fracture to a value below the fracture threshold of 3.472 kN. The influence of the 3D hip protector on peak transmitted forces to the vulnerable site of the greater trochanter is shown to be positive. It is anticipated that future protectors can be 3D printed after optimizations to end the bundling of same hip protector for different body geometry.