Realization of 87Rb Bose–Einstein Condensates in Higher Bands of a Hexagonal Boron-Nitride Optical Lattice

Abstract

Ultracold neutral atoms in higher bands of an optical lattice provide a natural avenue to emulate orbital physics in solid state materials. Here, we report the realization of 87Rb Bose–Einstein condensates in the fourth and seventh Bloch bands of a hexagonal boron-nitride optical lattice, exhibiting remarkably long coherence time through active cooling. Using band mapping spectroscopy, we observe that atoms condensed at the energy minimum of Γ point (K 1 and K 2 points) in the fourth (seventh) band as sharp Bragg peaks. The lifetime for the condensate in the fourth (seventh) band is about 57.6 (4.8) ms, and the phase coherence of atoms in the fourth band persists for a long time larger than 110 ms. Our work thus offers great promise for studying unconventional bosonic superfluidity of neutral atoms in higher bands of optical lattices.