Microwave and electrochemical assisted synthesis of chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles

Abstract

Purpose The paper introduces a microwave and electrochemical-assisted method for synthesis of chlorine-derived iron phthalocyanine pigment and oxygen reduction reaction catalyst nanoparticles. The aims of this study are to investigate the possibility of nano-scale particle size (<35 nm), high-efficiency product reaction, remove acidic wastewater, time optimization and maximize number of chlorine on aromatic rings. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a combined synthesis technique, which does not have the problems of the conventional methods. Chlorinated iron phthalocyanine nanoparticles have been fabricated using phthalic anhydride, urea (high purity), electrochemical-generated iron (II) cations and microwave irradiation as promoter. The approach yields a product of high quality, uniform particle size distribution and high efficiency and that was environment-friendly. Findings The particle size and time needed for the production of chlorinated iron phthalocyanine were about 35 nm and 7 min, respectively. Research limitations/implications The catalyst, that is used in this method, should be weighed carefully. In addition, the solvent should be a saturated solution of NaCl in water. Practical implications The method provides a simple and practical solution to improving the synthesis of an iron-based catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Originality/value The combined method for synthesis of chlorinated iron phthalocyanine was novel and can find numerous applications in the industry, especially as an oxygen reduction reaction non-precious metal catalyst.