Human trafficking and forced labour

Author:

Bakirci Kadriye

Abstract

PurposeDuring the last ten years, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and some other international organizations, have increasingly addressed human trafficking from a “forced labour” perspective. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the terminology in relation to human trafficking and forced labour, to highlight the links between them, and to provide a critique of the ILO approach. It also aims to make the case for the implementation of a specific international instrument to address the link between trafficking and forced labour.Design/methodology/approachThis paper compares the definitions of human trafficking and forced labour, the link between them in the United Nations, European and ILO instruments.FindingsAlthough human trafficking is a criminal activity, the ILO identifies it as a form of forced labour. The paper concludes that, no matter what role the trafficking victims have in participating in the criminal activities, they should be viewed as victims and witnesses. They should not be viewed as “workers” or “labourers”. Any minor under the age of 18 years, in accordance with the European and international instruments, has no legal capacity to give consent to being exploited.Originality/valueThis paper argues that the international and European instruments do not specifically address the link between trafficking and forced labour. There is a need for a specific international instrument prescribing the link between trafficking and forced labour. In the absence of such an international instrument, there is a piece meal approach by international bodies and countries toward the regulation of trafficking and forced labour.

Publisher

Emerald

Subject

Law,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance

Reference8 articles.

1. ASI (2003), “Programme consultation meeting on the protection of domestic workers against the threat of forced labour and trafficking”, paper prepared for Anti‐Slavery International by Lin Chew, in Cooperation with the ILO's Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour, available at: www.antislavery.org.uk/homepage/resources/Anti‐Slavery%20domestic%20workers%20discussion%20paper%.

2. Bakirci, K. (2007), “Child pornography and prostitution: is this crime or work that should be regulated”, Journal of Financial Crime, Vol. 14 No. 1.

3. ECPAT International (2004), End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes, ECPAT International, Bangkok, available at: www.ecpat.net.

4. Ellerman, D. (2002), “Trafficking of women and children in the United States”, available at: www.polarisproject.org/polarisproject/Brandeisl.htm.

5. ILO (2005), A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour, ILO, Geneva.

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