Countering tropical cyclonic storm impacts on low-rise houses

Abstract

PurposeThis study investigates the aerodynamics of the airflow over low-rise houses subjected to turbulent cyclonic winds along the South-eastern peninsular India, routinely afflicted by tropical cyclones. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the power of modern computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and its engineering application accentuate decision-making at the planning stage of house designing in vulnerable areas.Design/methodology/approachThe Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used for first simulating the landfall of cyclone Hudhud, a real storm, and its effect in extant and new house designs. Results from the WRF model were utilized to configure further CFD simulations of airflow around house designs. The analyses yielded deep insights, often non-intuitive, into airflow patterns around these houses with disparate roof forms indicating new possibilities in redesigning houses along Indian coastal areas.FindingsThis study shows that storm-induced high TKE values warranted a fuller CFD-based study. The second major finding showed that for a 90° angle of attack, arguably the most destructive attack angle, a pitched roof (with a pitch angle of 10°) worked best – this is about half the recommended angle sourced from earlier empirical estimates dating back to the British Raj period. There is a thin layer of padded air cushion shielding the roof's vulnerable surface from the storm's most energetic parts.Originality/valueThe originality of this research lies in its discourse to systematically resolve the TKE distribution of a cyclone impacting a standalone house. In particular, the study presents a lucid demonstration of all the probable scenarios connecting cyclonic stresses with a roof response, inferred from a careful combination of results garnered from cyclonic storm modelling coupled with CFD analysis. Additionally, the paper also shows a graphic visual representation of the forces induced on different roof designs, presented as a checklist for the first time. This should serve as a ready reckoner for civic authorities involved in disaster management over cyclone-ravaged areas.