Artificial reefs through additive manufacturing: a review of their design, purposes and fabrication process for marine restoration and management

Author:

Matus Ilse Valenzuela,Alves Jorge Lino,Góis Joaquim,Vaz-Pires Paulo,Barata da Rocha Augusto

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review cases of artificial reefs built through additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and analyse their ecological goals, fabrication process, materials, structural design features and implementation location to determine predominant parameters, environmental impacts, advantages, and limitations. Design/methodology/approach The review analysed 16 cases of artificial reefs from both temperate and tropical regions. These were categorised based on the AM process used, the mortar material used (crucial for biological applications), the structural design features and the location of implementation. These parameters are assessed to determine how effectively the designs meet the stipulated ecological goals, how AM technologies demonstrate their potential in comparison to conventional methods and the preference locations of these implementations. Findings The overview revealed that the dominant artificial reef implementation occurs in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Seas, both accounting for 24%. The remaining cases were in the Australian Sea (20%), the South Asia Sea (12%), the Persian Gulf and the Pacific Ocean, both with 8%, and the Indian Sea with 4% of all the cases studied. It was concluded that fused filament fabrication, binder jetting and material extrusion represent the main AM processes used to build artificial reefs. Cementitious materials, ceramics, polymers and geopolymer formulations were used, incorporating aggregates from mineral residues, biological wastes and pozzolan materials, to reduce environmental impacts, promote the circular economy and be more beneficial for marine ecosystems. The evaluation ranking assessed how well their design and materials align with their ecological goals, demonstrating that five cases were ranked with high effectiveness, ten projects with moderate effectiveness and one case with low effectiveness. Originality/value AM represents an innovative method for marine restoration and management. It offers a rapid prototyping technique for design validation and enables the creation of highly complex shapes for habitat diversification while incorporating a diverse range of materials to benefit environmental and marine species’ habitats.

Publisher

Emerald

Reference222 articles.

1. 3D Systems (2017), ProJet MJP [WWW Document]. 3D Syst. URL, available at: www.3dsystems.com/3d-printers/projet-mjp-5600 (accessed 15 April 23).

2. 3DEO (2018), “Low-cost production metal 3D printing: 3DEO’s intelligent layering®. 3DEO - Met”, Addit. Manuf. URL, available at: www.3deo.co/metal-3d-printing/low-cost-production-metal-3d-printing-intelligent-layering/ (accessed 1 January 22).

3. A review of ‘3D concrete printing’: materials and process characterization, economic considerations and environmental sustainability;Journal of Building Engineering,2023

4. 3D-printed biodegradable composite scaffolds with significantly enhanced mechanical properties via the combination of binder jetting and capillary rise infiltration process;Additive Manufacturing,2021

5. Design consideration for additive manufacturing: fused deposition modelling;Open Journal of Applied Sciences,2017

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3