Depression and anxiety in patients with heart failure: contributing factors, consequences and coping mechanisms: a review of the literature

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to integrate evidence on contributing factors, consequences, in addition to coping mechanisms of depression and anxiety in patients with heart failure. Design/methodology/approach An integrative review was conducted by searching three main electronic databases: Web of Sciences, MEDLINE and Science Direct. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review process. Findings The review identified the most common contributing factors, consequences and coping mechanisms of depression and anxiety in patients with heart failure. Patients with heart failure have high anxiety and depression prevalence rates. Originality/value It is recommended to include routine assessment and management of anxiety and depression in heart failure protocols to improve clinical outcomes.