Operation of networked multi-carrier microgrid considering demand response

Abstract

Purpose Microgrids are inclined to use renewable energy resources within the availability limits. In conventional studies, energy interchange among microgrids was not considered because of one-directional power flows. Hence, this paper aims to study the optimal day-ahead energy scheduling of a centralized networked multi-carrier microgrid (NMCMG). The energy scheduling faces new challenges by inclusion of responsive loads, integration of renewable sources (wind and solar) and interaction of multi-carrier microgrids (MCMGs). Design/methodology/approach The optimization model is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programing and is solved using GAMS software. Numerical simulations are performed on a system with three MCMGs, including combined heat and power, photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines and energy storages to fulfill the required electrical and thermal load demands. In the proposed system, the MCMGs are in grid-connected mode to exchange power when required. Findings The proposed model is capable of minimizing the system costs by using a novel demand side management model and integrating the multiple-energy infrastructure, as well as handling the energy management of the network. Furthermore, the novel demand side management model gives more accurate optimal results. The operational performance and total cost of the NMCMG in simultaneous operation of multiple carriers has been effectively improved. Originality/value Introduction and modeling of the multiple energy demands within the MCMG. A novel time- and incentive-based demand side management, characterized by shifting techniques, is applied to reshape the load curve, as well as for preventing the excessive use of energy in peak hours. This paper analyzes the need to study how inclusion of multiple energy infrastructure integration and responsive load can impact the future distribution network costs.