The total mass, number, and distribution of immune cells in the human body

Author:

Sender Ron1ORCID,Weiss Yarden2ORCID,Navon Yoav1,Milo Idan3,Azulay Nofar3ORCID,Keren Leeat3ORCID,Fuchs Shai4ORCID,Ben-Zvi Danny5ORCID,Noor Elad1ORCID,Milo Ron1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

2. Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

3. Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

4. Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel

5. Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel

Abstract

The immune system is a complex network of cells with critical functions in health and disease. However, a comprehensive census of the cells comprising the immune system is lacking. Here, we estimated the abundance of the primary immune cell types throughout all tissues in the human body. We conducted a literature survey and integrated data from multiplexed imaging and methylome-based deconvolution. We also considered cellular mass to determine the distribution of immune cells in terms of both number and total mass. Our results indicate that the immune system of a reference 73 kg man consists of 1.8 × 10 12 cells (95% CI 1.5–2.3 × 10 12 ), weighing 1.2 kg (95% CI 0.8–1.9). Lymphocytes constitute 40% of the total number of immune cells and 15% of the mass and are mainly located in the lymph nodes and spleen. Neutrophils account for similar proportions of both the number and total mass of immune cells, with most neutrophils residing in the bone marrow. Macrophages, present in most tissues, account for 10% of immune cells but contribute nearly 50% of the total cellular mass due to their large size. The quantification of immune cells within the human body presented here can serve to understand the immune function better and facilitate quantitative modeling of this vital system.

Funder

Ullmann Family Foundation

Yotam Project

The Marry and Tom Beck Canadian Center for Alternative Energy Research

The Schwartz-Reisman Collaborative Science Program

Israel Science Foundation

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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