Rapid production of kilogram-scale graphene nanoribbons with tunable interlayer spacing for an array of renewable energy

Author:

Liu Fan12,Hu Yi3,Qu Zehua4,Ma Xin2,Li Zaifeng5,Zhu Rui6,Yan Yan12,Wen Bihan2,Ma Qianwen2,Liu Minjie2,Zhao Shuang2,Fan Zhanxi7ORCID,Zeng Jie1,Liu Mingkai12,Jin Zhong3,Lin Zhiqun8ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, Anhui 243002, China

2. School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China

3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

4. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

5. State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China

6. Analyzing and Test Center, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China

7. Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

8. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore

Abstract

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are widely recognized as intriguing building blocks for high-performance electronics and catalysis owing to their unique width-dependent bandgap and ample lone pair electrons on both sides of GNR, respectively, over the graphene nanosheet counterpart. However, it remains challenging to mass-produce kilogram-scale GNRs to render their practical applications. More importantly, the ability to intercalate nanofillers of interest within GNR enables in-situ large-scale dispersion and retains structural stability and properties of nanofillers for enhanced energy conversion and storage. This, however, has yet to be largely explored. Herein, we report a rapid, low-cost freezing–rolling–capillary compression strategy to yield GNRs at a kilogram scale with tunable interlayer spacing for situating a set of functional nanomaterials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Specifically, GNRs are created by sequential freezing, rolling, and capillary compression of large-sized graphene oxide nanosheets in liquid nitrogen, followed by pyrolysis. The interlayer spacing of GNRs can be conveniently regulated by tuning the amount of nanofillers of different dimensions added. As such, heteroatoms; metal single atoms; and 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials can be readily in-situ intercalated into the GNR matrix, producing a rich variety of functional nanofiller-dispersed GNR nanocomposites. They manifest promising performance in electrocatalysis, battery, and supercapacitor due to excellent electronic conductivity, catalytic activity, and structural stability of the resulting GNR nanocomposites. The freezing–rolling–capillary compression strategy is facile, robust, and generalizable. It renders the creation of versatile GNR-derived nanocomposites with adjustable interlay spacing of GNR, thereby underpinning future advances in electronics and clean energy applications.

Funder

Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

Natural Science Foundation of Xuzhou City

MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China

MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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