Sustainable lithium extraction enabled by responsive metal-organic frameworks with ion-sieving adsorption effects

Author:

Wu Xu1ORCID,Zhang Huacheng2ORCID,Zhang Xinyu1,Guan Qian1,Tang Xiaocong1,Wu Hao3,Feng Mingbao1,Wang Huanting4,Ou Ranwen1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Ecological Engineering for Environmental Sustainability, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361104, People’s Republic of China

2. Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia

3. Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China

4. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are superior ion adsorbents for selectively capturing toxic ions from water. Nevertheless, they have rarely been reported to have lithium selectivity over divalent cations due to the well-known flexibility of MOF framework and the similar physiochemical properties of Li + and Mg 2+ . Herein, we report an ion-sieving adsorption approach to design sunlight-regenerable lithium adsorbents by subnanoporous MOFs for efficient lithium extraction. By integrating the ion-sieving agent of MOFs with light-responsive adsorption sites of polyspiropyran (PSP), the ion-sieving adsorption behaviors of PSP-MOFs with 6.0, 8.5, and 10.0 Å windows are inversely proportional to their pore size. The synthesized PSP-UiO-66 with a narrowest window size of 6.0 Å shows high LiCl adsorption capacity up to 10.17 mmol g −1 and good Li + /Mg 2+ selectivity of 5.8 to 29 in synthetic brines with Mg/Li ratio of 1 to 0.1. It could be quickly regenerated by sunlight irradiation in 6 min with excellent cycling performance of 99% after five cycles. This work sheds light on designing selective adsorbents using responsive subnanoporous materials for environmentally friendly and energy-efficient ion separation and purification.

Funder

MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China

Xiamen University

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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