Evolutionary stability of cooperation in indirect reciprocity under noisy and private assessment

Author:

Fujimoto Yuma123ORCID,Ohtsuki Hisashi14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan

2. Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Japan

3. CyberAgent, Inc., Shibuya-ku 150-0042, Japan

4. Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan

Abstract

Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism that explains large-scale cooperation in humans. In indirect reciprocity, individuals use reputations to choose whether or not to cooperate with a partner and update others’ reputations. A major question is how the rules to choose their actions and the rules to update reputations evolve. In the public reputation case where all individuals share the evaluation of others, social norms called Simple Standing (SS) and Stern Judging (SJ) have been known to maintain cooperation. However, in the case of private assessment where individuals independently evaluate others, the mechanism of maintenance of cooperation is still largely unknown. This study theoretically shows for the first time that cooperation by indirect reciprocity can be evolutionarily stable under private assessment. Specifically, we find that SS can be stable, but SJ can never be. This is intuitive because SS can correct interpersonal discrepancies in reputations through its simplicity. On the other hand, SJ is too complicated to avoid an accumulation of errors, which leads to the collapse of cooperation. We conclude that moderate simplicity is a key to stable cooperation under the private assessment. Our result provides a theoretical basis for the evolution of human cooperation.

Funder

JSPS KAKENHI

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Cited by 4 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Evolutionary Games and Applications: Fifty Years of ‘The Logic of Animal Conflict’;Dynamic Games and Applications;2023-12

2. A pull versus push framework for reputation;Trends in Cognitive Sciences;2023-09

3. On consensus and cooperation;Physics of Life Reviews;2023-09

4. Evolutionary Dynamics of Direct and Indirect Reciprocities With Directional Interactions;IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems;2023

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