Coordination of apicoplast transcription in a malaria parasite by internal and host cues

Author:

Kobayashi Yuki1ORCID,Komatsuya Keisuke23ORCID,Imamura Sousuke14ORCID,Nozaki Tomoyoshi2,Watanabe Yoh-ichi2,Sato Shigeharu1567ORCID,Dodd Antony N.8ORCID,Kita Kiyoshi279ORCID,Tanaka Kan1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan

2. Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

3. Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan

4. Space Environment and Energy Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Tokyo 180-8585, Japan

5. Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia

6. Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia

7. School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan

8. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7RU, United Kingdom

9. Department of Host-Defense Biochemistry, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan

Abstract

The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has a nonphotosynthetic plastid called the apicoplast, which contains its own genome. Regulatory mechanisms for apicoplast gene expression remain poorly understood, despite this organelle being crucial for the parasite life cycle. Here, we identify a nuclear-encoded apicoplast RNA polymerase σ subunit (sigma factor) which, along with the α subunit, appears to mediate apicoplast transcript accumulation. This has a periodicity reminiscent of parasite circadian or developmental control. Expression of the apicoplast subunit gene, apSig , together with apicoplast transcripts, increased in the presence of the blood circadian signaling hormone melatonin. Our data suggest that the host circadian rhythm is integrated with intrinsic parasite cues to coordinate apicoplast genome transcription. This evolutionarily conserved regulatory system might be a future target for malaria treatment.

Funder

MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Ohsumi Frontier Science Foundation

UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

東京工業大学 | Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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