Physical cryptographic verification of nuclear warheads

Author:

Kemp R. Scott,Danagoulian Areg,Macdonald Ruaridh R.,Vavrek Jayson R.

Abstract

How does one prove a claim about a highly sensitive object such as a nuclear weapon without revealing information about the object? This paradox has challenged nuclear arms control for more than five decades. We present a mechanism in the form of an interactive proof system that can validate the structure and composition of an object, such as a nuclear warhead, to arbitrary precision without revealing either its structure or composition. We introduce a tomographic method that simultaneously resolves both the geometric and isotopic makeup of an object. We also introduce a method of protecting information using a provably secure cryptographic hash that does not rely on electronics or software. These techniques, when combined with a suitable protocol, constitute an interactive proof system that could reject hoax items and clear authentic warheads with excellent sensitivity in reasonably short measurement times.

Funder

U.S. Department of Energy

Carnegie Corporation of New York

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference20 articles.

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3. US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (1968) Demonstrated Destruction of Nuclear Weapons: Final Report of Field Test FT-34 (US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Washington, DC).

4. Drell S (1993) Verification of Dismantlement of Nuclear Warheads and Controls on Nuclear Materials (JASON, MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA), Technical Report JSR-92-331.

5. UK Atomic Weapons Establishment (1998) Confidence, security and verification: The challenge of global nuclear weapons arms control (UK Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, UK), Technical Report AWE/TR/2000/001.

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