Author:
Borghans Lex,Golsteyn Bart H. H.,Heckman James J.,Humphries John Eric
Abstract
Intelligence quotient (IQ), grades, and scores on achievement tests are widely used as measures of cognition, but the correlations among them are far from perfect. This paper uses a variety of datasets to show that personality and IQ predict grades and scores on achievement tests. Personality is relatively more important in predicting grades than scores on achievement tests. IQ is relatively more important in predicting scores on achievement tests. Personality is generally more predictive than IQ on a variety of important life outcomes. Both grades and achievement tests are substantially better predictors of important life outcomes than IQ. The reason is that both capture personality traits that have independent predictive power beyond that of IQ.
Funder
American Bar Foundation
J.B. and M.K. Pritzker Family Foundation
Buffett Foundation Early Childhood Fund
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging
Anonymous
Successful Pathways from School to Work, University of Chicago Committee on Education
Hymen Milgrom Supporting Organization
Institute for New Economic Thinking
Handelsbanken Research Foundation
Publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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