Author:
Field Jeffrey J.,Wernsing Keith A.,Domingue Scott R.,Allende Motz Alyssa M.,DeLuca Keith F.,Levi Dean H.,DeLuca Jennifer G.,Young Michael D.,Squier Jeff A.,Bartels Randy A.
Abstract
Superresolved far-field microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating the structure of objects with resolution well below the diffraction limit of light. Nearly all superresolution imaging techniques reported to date rely on real energy states of fluorescent molecules to circumvent the diffraction limit, preventing superresolved imaging with contrast mechanisms that occur via virtual energy states, including harmonic generation (HG). We report a superresolution technique based on spatial frequency-modulated imaging (SPIFI) that permits superresolved nonlinear microscopy with any contrast mechanism and with single-pixel detection. We show multimodal superresolved images with two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) from biological and inorganic media. Multiphoton SPIFI (MP-SPIFI) provides spatial resolution up to 2η below the diffraction limit, where η is the highest power of the nonlinear intensity response. MP-SPIFI can be used to provide enhanced resolution in optically thin media and may provide a solution for superresolved imaging deep in scattering media.
Funder
W.M. Keck Foundation
Institute for Genome Architecture and Function, Colorado State University
Microscope Imaging Network Foundational Core Facility, Colorado State University
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
Publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Cited by
59 articles.
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