Early life lead exposure from private well water increases juvenile delinquency risk among US teens-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Early life lead exposure from private well water increases juvenile delinquency risk among US teens

Published:2022-01-31 Issue:6 Volume:119 Page:
ISSN:0027-8424
Container-title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
language:en
Short-container-title:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Author:

Gibson Jacqueline MacDonald¹^ORCID,MacDonald John M.²^ORCID,Fisher Michael³^ORCID,Chen Xiwei¹,Pawlick Aralia¹,Cook Philip J.⁴^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405

2. Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104

3. Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599

4. Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708

Abstract

Significance Public health agencies worldwide have determined that there is no safe level for children’s exposure to lead, a neurotoxin. This study shows that lead in drinking water from private wells is significantly associated with juvenile delinquency. Compared to children in homes with public water supplies, those relying on private wells have a 21% higher risk of any delinquency and a 38% increased risk of serious delinquency. The steepest increases in risk occur at the lowest exposure levels. The results highlight the need to prevent lead-leaching from well components, plumbing, and fixtures in the 13% of US households relying on private wells. They also suggest the need to decrease blood and environmental lead thresholds currently used to identify at-risk children.

Funder

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Link

https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2110694119

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