Frost-free zone on leaves revisited

Abstract

Particular frost patterns on natural leaves had prompted Yao et al. [Y. Yao et al ., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117 , 6323–6329 (2020)] to investigate the underlying physics. Their work revealed why on corrugated surfaces ice forms on crests and dries out adjacent grooves. In the absence of frost, in contrast, grooves tend to constitute niches on a leaf where microorganisms are less limited by moisture than in other locations. Here, we show that microorganisms able to nucleate ice before it forms on crests can modify the frosting pattern to their advantage. This ability might drive in cold arid environments the association between certain microorganisms and plants.