Low-latency gravitational wave alert products and their performance at the time of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Low-latency gravitational wave alert products and their performance at the time of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

Published:2024-04-23 Issue:18 Volume:121 Page:
ISSN:0027-8424
Container-title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
language:en
Short-container-title:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Author:

Chaudhary Sushant Sharma¹,Toivonen Andrew²^ORCID,Waratkar Gaurav³^ORCID,Mo Geoffrey⁴⁵^ORCID,Chatterjee Deep⁴⁵^ORCID,Antier Sarah⁶,Brockill Patrick⁷,Coughlin Michael W.²^ORCID,Essick Reed⁸⁹¹⁰,Ghosh Shaon¹¹,Morisaki Soichiro¹²,Baral Pratyusava⁷,Baylor Amanda⁷^ORCID,Adhikari Naresh⁷,Brady Patrick⁷,Cabourn Davies Gareth¹³,Dal Canton Tito¹⁴^ORCID,Cavaglia Marco¹^ORCID,Creighton Jolien¹⁵^ORCID,Choudhary Sunil¹⁶¹⁷,Chu Yu-Kuang⁷^ORCID,Clearwater Patrick¹⁶¹⁷,Davis Luke¹⁶¹⁷,Dent Thomas¹⁸^ORCID,Drago Marco¹⁹^ORCID,Ewing Becca²⁰²¹,Godwin Patrick²²^ORCID,Guo Weichangfeng¹⁶¹⁷,Hanna Chad²⁰²¹²³²⁴,Huxford Rachael²⁰²¹,Harry Ian¹³^ORCID,Katsavounidis Erik⁴⁵,Kovalam Manoj¹⁶¹⁷,Li Alvin K.Y.²²,Magee Ryan²²^ORCID,Marx Ethan⁴⁵,Meacher Duncan⁷,Messick Cody⁷,Morice-Atkinson Xan¹⁴,Pace Alexander²¹,De Pietri Roberto²⁵²⁶,Piotrzkowski Brandon⁷,Roy Soumen²⁷²⁸^ORCID,Sachdev Surabhi⁷²⁹,Singer Leo P.³⁰³¹,Singh Divya²⁰²¹,Szczepanczyk Marek³²,Tang Daniel¹⁶¹⁷,Trevor Max³³,Tsukada Leo²⁰²¹,Villa-Ortega Verónica¹⁸,Wen Linqing¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Wysocki Daniel⁷

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Multi-messenger Astrophysics and Cosmology, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409

2. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455

3. Department of Physics, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India

4. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139

5. MIT Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139

6. Artemis, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice 06304, France

7. Leonard E. Parker Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201

8. Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

9. Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada

10. David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Montclair State University, NJ 07043

12. Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan

13. University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom

14. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay 91405, France

15. University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211

16. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia

17. Department of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia

18. Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

19. Universitá di Roma La Sapienza and INFN, Sezione di Roma, Roma I-00133, Italy

20. Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

21. Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

22. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125

23. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

24. Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802

25. Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, Parma I-43124, Italy

26. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Gruppo Collegato di Parma, Parma I-43124, Italy

27. Nikhef, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands

28. Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands

29. School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GW 30332

30. Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771

31. Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

32. Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440

33. Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

Abstract

Multimessenger searches for binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers are currently one of the most exciting areas of astronomy. The search for joint electromagnetic and neutrino counterparts to gravitational wave (GW)s has resumed with ALIGO’s, AdVirgo’s and KAGRA’s fourth observing run (O4). To support this effort, public semiautomated data products are sent in near real-time and include localization and source properties to guide complementary observations. In preparation for O4, we have conducted a study using a simulated population of compact binaries and a mock data challenge (MDC) in the form of a real-time replay to optimize and profile the software infrastructure and scientific deliverables. End-toend performance was tested, including data ingestion, running online search pipelines, performing annotations, and issuing alerts to the astrophysics community. We present an overview of the low-latency infrastructure and the performance of the data products that are now being released during O4 based on the MDC. We report the expected median latency for the preliminary alert of full bandwidth searches (29.5 s) and show consistency and accuracy of released data products using the MDC. We report the expected median latency for triggers from early warning searches (−3.1 s), which are new in O4 and target neutron star mergers during inspiral phase. This paper provides a performance overview for LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) low-latency alert infrastructure and data products using theMDCand serves as a useful reference for the interpretation of O4 detections.

Funder

National Science Foundation

MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Link

https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2316474121

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