A triple-synergistic small-molecule sulfur cathode promises energetic Cu-S electrochemistry

Author:

Lin Xia1,Zhang Junwei1,Yan Huihui1,Xu Jiaxi1,Miao Zhonghao1,Shu Guangchang1,Zhao Shuyuan1,Zhang Tianyuan1,Yu Haoxiang1,Yan Lei1,Zhang Liyuan1ORCID,Shu Jie1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China

Abstract

Metal-sulfur batteries have received great attention for electrochemical energy storage due to high theoretical capacity and low cost, but their further development is impeded by low sulfur utilization, poor electrochemical kinetics, and serious shuttle effect of the sulfur cathode. To avoid these problems, herein, a triple-synergistic small-molecule sulfur cathode is designed by employing N, S co-doped hierarchical porous bamboo charcoal as a sulfur host in an aqueous Cu-S battery. Expect the enhanced conductivity and chemisorption induced by N, S synergistic co-doping, the intrinsic synergy of macro-/meso-/microporous triple structure also ensures space-confined small-molecule sulfur as high utilization reactant and effectively alleviates the volume expansion during conversion reaction. Under a further joint synergy between hierarchical structure and heteroatom doping, the resulting sulfur cathode endows the Cu-S battery with outstanding electrochemical performance. Cycled at 5 A g −1 , it can deliver a high reversible capacity of 2,509.8 mAh g −1 with a good capacity retention of 97.9% after 800 cycles. In addition, a flexible hybrid pouch cell built by a small-molecule sulfur cathode, Zn anode, and gel electrolytes can firmly deliver high average operating voltage of about 1.3 V with a reversible capacity of over 2,500 mAh g −1 under various destructive conditions, suggesting that the triple-synergistic small-molecule sulfur cathode promises energetic metal-sulfur batteries.

Funder

NBST | Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality

MOST | NSFC | NSAF Joint Fund

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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