East Asian summer monsoon delivers large abundances of very short-lived organic chlorine substances to the lower stratosphere-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

East Asian summer monsoon delivers large abundances of very short-lived organic chlorine substances to the lower stratosphere

Published:2024-03-14 Issue:12 Volume:121 Page:
ISSN:0027-8424
Container-title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
language:en
Short-container-title:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Author:

Pan Laura L.¹^ORCID,Atlas Elliot L.²^ORCID,Honomichl Shawn B.¹^ORCID,Smith Warren P.¹^ORCID,Kinnison Douglas E.¹^ORCID,Solomon Susan³^ORCID,Santee Michelle L.⁴^ORCID,Saiz-Lopez Alfonso⁵^ORCID,Laube Johannes C.⁶^ORCID,Wang Bin⁷^ORCID,Ueyama Rei⁸^ORCID,Bresch James F.⁹^ORCID,Hornbrook Rebecca S.¹^ORCID,Apel Eric C.¹^ORCID,Hills Alan J.¹,Treadaway Victoria²¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Smith Katie²^ORCID,Schauffler Sue¹²^ORCID,Donnelly Stephen²¹²^ORCID,Hendershot Roger¹²,Lueb Richard¹²,Campos Teresa¹^ORCID,Viciani Silvia¹³^ORCID,D’Amato Francesco¹³^ORCID,Bianchini Giovanni¹³^ORCID,Barucci Marco¹³^ORCID,Podolske James R.⁸,Iraci Laura T.⁸^ORCID,Gurganus Colin¹⁰¹¹,Bui Paul⁸¹⁴^ORCID,Dean-Day Jonathan M.⁸¹⁴^ORCID,Millán Luis⁴^ORCID,Ryoo Ju-Mee⁸¹⁵^ORCID,Barletta Barbara¹⁶^ORCID,Koo Ja-Ho¹⁷^ORCID,Kim Joowan¹⁸^ORCID,Liang Qing¹⁹^ORCID,Randel William J.¹^ORCID,Thornberry Troy¹¹^ORCID,Newman Paul A.¹⁹

Affiliation:

1. Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301

2. Rosenstiel School of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149

3. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139

4. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109

5. Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Blas Cabrera, The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain

6. Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany

7. Department of Atmospheric Sciences and International Pacific Research Center, The University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822

8. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035

9. Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301

10. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309

11. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305

12. Department of Chemistry, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601

13. National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy

14. Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035

15. Science and Technology Corporation, Moffett Field, CA 94035

16. Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697

17. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea

18. Department of Atmospheric Science, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea

19. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771

Abstract

Deep convection in the Asian summer monsoon is a significant transport process for lifting pollutants from the planetary boundary layer to the tropopause level. This process enables efficient injection into the stratosphere of reactive species such as chlorinated very short-lived substances (Cl-VSLSs) that deplete ozone. Past studies of convective transport associated with the Asian summer monsoon have focused mostly on the south Asian summer monsoon. Airborne observations reported in this work identify the East Asian summer monsoon convection as an effective transport pathway that carried record-breaking levels of ozone-depleting Cl-VSLSs (mean organic chlorine from these VSLSs ~500 ppt) to the base of the stratosphere. These unique observations show total organic chlorine from VSLSs in the lower stratosphere over the Asian monsoon tropopause to be more than twice that previously reported over the tropical tropopause. Considering the recently observed increase in Cl-VSLS emissions and the ongoing strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon under global warming, our results highlight that a reevaluation of the contribution of Cl-VSLS injection via the Asian monsoon to the total stratospheric chlorine budget is warranted.

Funder

National Science Foundation

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

European Space Agency

National Institute of Environmental Research

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Link

https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2318716121

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