Abstract
Innate immunity provides essential protection against life-threatening fungal infections. However, the outcomes of individual skirmishes between immune cells and fungal pathogens are not a foregone conclusion because some pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade phagocytic recognition, engulfment, and killing. For example,Candida albicanscan escape phagocytosis by activating cellular morphogenesis to form lengthy hyphae that are challenging to engulf. Through live imaging ofC. albicans–macrophage interactions, we discovered that macrophages can counteract this by folding fungal hyphae. The folding of fungal hyphae is promoted by Dectin-1, β2-integrin, VASP, actin–myosin polymerization, and cell motility. Folding facilitates the complete engulfment of long hyphae in some cases and it inhibits hyphal growth, presumably tipping the balance toward successful fungal clearance.
Funder
RCUK | Medical Research Council
Wellcome
EC | FP7 | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council
Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research
University of Aberdeen
University of Exeter
Publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Cited by
33 articles.
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