Heme-binding protein CYB5D1 is a radial spoke component required for coordinated ciliary beating

Abstract

Coordinated beating is crucial for the function of multiple cilia. However, the molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we characterize a conserved ciliary protein CYB5D1 with a heme-binding domain and a cordon-bleu ubiquitin-like domain. Mutation or knockdown ofCyb5d1in zebrafish impaired coordinated ciliary beating in the otic vesicle and olfactory epithelium. Similarly, the two flagella of an insertional mutant of the CYB5D1 ortholog inChlamydomonas(Crcyb5d1) showed an uncoordinated pattern due to a defect in thecis-flagellum. Biochemical analyses revealed that CrCYB5D1 is a radial spoke stalk protein that binds heme only under oxidizing conditions. Lack of CrCYB5D1 resulted in a reductive shift in flagellar redox state and slowing down of the phototactic response. Treatment ofCrcyb5d1with oxidants restored coordinated flagellar beating. Taken together, these data suggest that CrCYB5D1 may integrate environmental and intraciliary signals and regulate the redox state of cilia, which is crucial for the coordinated beating of multiple cilia.