Multicomponent nature underlies the extraordinary mechanical properties of spider dragline silk

Author:

Kono NobuakiORCID,Nakamura Hiroyuki,Mori MasaruORCID,Yoshida YukiORCID,Ohtoshi Rintaro,Malay Ali D.ORCID,Pedrazzoli Moran Daniel A.ORCID,Tomita Masaru,Numata Keiji,Arakawa KazuharuORCID

Abstract

Dragline silk of golden orb-weaver spiders (Nephilinae) is noted for its unsurpassed toughness, combining extraordinary extensibility and tensile strength, suggesting industrial application as a sustainable biopolymer material. To pinpoint the molecular composition of dragline silk and the roles of its constituents in achieving its mechanical properties, we report a multiomics approach, combining high-quality genome sequencing and assembly, silk gland transcriptomics, and dragline silk proteomics of four Nephilinae spiders. We observed the consistent presence of the MaSp3B spidroin unique to this subfamily as well as several nonspidroin SpiCE proteins. Artificial synthesis and the combination of these components in vitro showed that the multicomponent nature of dragline silk, including MaSp3B and SpiCE, along with MaSp1 and MaSp2, is essential to realize the mechanical properties of spider dragline silk.

Funder

ImPACT Program of the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation

Yamagata Prefectural Government and Tsuruoka City, Japan

Nakatsuji Foresight Foundation

Sumitomo Foundation

The Uehara Memorial Foundation

MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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