Dry eye disease in mice activates adaptive corneal epithelial regeneration distinct from constitutive renewal in homeostasis

Author:

Lin Joseph B.12ORCID,Shen Xiaolei34,Pfeifer Charles W.12ORCID,Shiau Fion1ORCID,Santeford Andrea1ORCID,Ruzycki Philip A.1ORCID,Clark Brian S.156ORCID,Liu Qin134ORCID,Huang Andrew J. W.1ORCID,Apte Rajendra S.1567ORCID

Affiliation:

1. John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

2. Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences Neurosciences Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

3. Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

4. Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

5. Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

6. Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

7. Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

Abstract

Many epithelial compartments undergo constitutive renewal in homeostasis but activate unique regenerative responses following injury. The clear corneal epithelium is crucial for vision and is renewed from limbal stem cells (LSCs). Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled the mouse corneal epithelium in homeostasis, aging, diabetes, and dry eye disease (DED), where tear deficiency predisposes the cornea to recurrent injury. In homeostasis, we capture the transcriptional states that accomplish continuous tissue turnover. We leverage our dataset to identify candidate genes and gene networks that characterize key stages across homeostatic renewal, including markers for LSCs. In aging and diabetes, there were only mild changes with <15 dysregulated genes. The constitutive cell types that accomplish homeostatic renewal were conserved in DED but were associated with activation of cell states that comprise “adaptive regeneration.” We provide global markers that distinguish cell types in homeostatic renewal vs. adaptive regeneration and markers that specifically define DED-elicited proliferating and differentiating cell types. We validate that expression of SPARC, a marker of adaptive regeneration, is also induced in corneal epithelial wound healing and accelerates wound closure in a corneal epithelial cell scratch assay. Finally, we propose a classification system for LSC markers based on their expression fidelity in homeostasis and disease. This transcriptional dissection uncovers the dramatically altered transcriptional landscape of the corneal epithelium in DED, providing a framework and atlas for future study of these ocular surface stem cells in health and disease.

Funder

HHS | NIH

Jeffery T. Fort Innovation Fund

Centene Corporation Contract

Research to Prevent Blindness

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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