Coordination and expertise foster legal textualism

Author:

Hannikainen Ivar R.1ORCID,Tobia Kevin P.2,de Almeida Guilherme da F. C. F.3ORCID,Struchiner Noel4,Kneer Markus5ORCID,Bystranowski Piotr6ORCID,Dranseika Vilius6ORCID,Strohmaier Niek7ORCID,Bensinger Samantha3,Dolinina Kristina8,Janik Bartosz9ORCID,Lauraitytė Eglė8,Laakasuo Michael10ORCID,Liefgreen Alice11ORCID,Neiders Ivars12ORCID,Próchnicki Maciej6ORCID,Rosas Alejandro13ORCID,Sundvall Jukka10,Żuradzki Tomasz6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

2. Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057

3. Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520

4. Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22541 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

5. University of Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland

6. Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 31007 Kraków, Poland

7. Universiteit Leiden, 2311 Leiden, the Netherlands

8. Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania

9. University of Silesia in Katowice, 40007 Katowice, Poland

10. University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland

11. University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom

12. Rīga Stradiņš University, 1007 Riga, Latvia

13. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 500001 Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract

A cross-cultural survey experiment revealed a dominant tendency to rely on a rule’s letter over its spirit when deciding which behaviors violate the rule. This tendency varied markedly across (k= 15) countries, owing to variation in the impact of moral appraisals on judgments of rule violation. Compared with laypeople, legal experts were more inclined to disregard their moral evaluations of the acts altogether and consequently exhibited stronger textualist tendencies. Finally, we evaluated a plausible mechanism for the emergence of textualism: in a two-player coordination game, incentives to coordinate in the absence of communication reinforced participants’ adherence to rules’ literal meaning. Together, these studies (totaln= 5,794) help clarify the origins and allure of textualism, especially in the law. Within heterogeneous communities in which members diverge in their moral appraisals involving a rule’s purpose, the rule’s literal meaning provides a clear focal point—an identifiable point of agreement enabling coordinated interpretation among citizens, lawmakers, and judges.

Funder

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Narodowe Centrum Nauki

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

EC | European Research Council

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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4. C. S. Sripada, S. Stich, “A framework for the psychology of norms” in The Innate Mind: Volume 2: Culture and Cognition, P. Carruthers, S. Laurence, S. Stich, Eds. (Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 280–301.

5. Action, Outcome, and Value

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