The migration state of the working population in ukraine during the conditions of war

Abstract

The article aims to study the modern features of the migration of the working population in Ukraine, which are caused by the war and crisis phenomena in the economy. The following main tasks were solved to achieve the goal: the theoretical aspects of labor migration were investigated; the state of migration of the able-bodied part of the population in Ukraine in modern crisis conditions was outlined and analyzed. Approaches to understanding the essence of the definition of "migration of the population", the identification and grouping of factors that influence the processes of migration, as well as the analysis of the processes of migration of the working population in Ukraine caused by the military aggression of the Russian Federation, were studied. The work defines the main essential features of population migration, namely objectivity, systematicity, voluntariness, or compulsion (depending on the factors that provoke it) and focuses on realizing individual interests. The factors that provoke migration processes are identified and grouped into classification groups, namely political (political situation, martial law), economic (living standard and material capabilities of the population, level of employment and unemployment), social (social status of the individual, quality of life, possibility of self-realization ), cultural (lifestyle, motivational and value orientations, stereotypes) and environmental (favorable or unfavorable natural conditions, environmental disasters). It has been proven that migration processes in Ukraine, which until 2022 were caused primarily by economic reasons, the desire of Ukrainians to improve their financial situation significantly increased after the full-scale invasion of Russia, and the main reason for emigration was the need for security. An analysis of the state of population migration in Ukraine during the war was carried out, as a result of which the following conclusions were drawn: uneven distribution of refugees by recipient countries (the leading positions in European countries are occupied by Poland and Germany); by sex and age structure, the majority of Ukrainian refugees are women of working age with higher education (47%; most aged 35-64) and their children; an increase in the specific weight of men in 2023, compared to 2022. It has been proven that an increase in the period of stay abroad increases the danger of a significant loss of the workforce, which requires decisive measures for the return of Ukrainian refugees. Key words: migration, working population, recipient country, forced migration, factors of migration.