1. Oxidative stress and tissue damage ↑ DNA damage apoptosis altered gene Bagchi et al. (1995; 2002)
2. expression; urinary lipid metabolites; Hassoun and Stohs (1995)
3. nitric oxide production and ROS formation Travacio et al. (2000)
4. p53 expression ↑ Oxidative damage in p53-null mice Bagchi et al. (2001)
5. ROS- and Src-dependent apoptosis Induced by Cr(III) complexes involved Balamurugan et al. (2002)