Acute and long-term treatments for neuromyelitis optica

Abstract

Introduction: Spectrum neuromyelitis optica has been an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that presents challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. The complex pathophysiology, together with varied clinical manifestations, makes its management especially critical. Therefore, the present study has focused on describing and analyzing spectrum neuromyelitis optica, by focusing on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and therapeutic options. As well as the understanding and management of the disease in medical practice.Method: A descriptive bibliographic review of the current literature on NMOSD was carried out, covering studies on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and therapeutic strategies used. Results: Severe demyelination in NMOSD was observed to be mediated by antibodies against aquaporin-4, leading to significant axonal damage. Acute therapies, such as intravenous methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis, as well as long-term treatments, such as mycophenolate mofetil and rituximab, have shown efficacy in managing the disease. Furthermore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment turned out to be essential to improve patients' quality of life.Conclusions: The research highlighted the need for early diagnosis and a multimodal therapeutic approach for NMOSD. The combination of current treatments and the continued need for research to develop new therapeutic options are essential to advance the treatment of the disease