Cardiometabolic effect of sodium and glucosa cotransporter inhibitors type 2

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as a leading cause of premature death and a growing threat to the healthcare system due to the high costs of medical care in the context of cardiovascular complications. Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic search of clinical trials published from 2015 to January 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of the use of type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease on routine treatment and their cost-effectiveness.Results: Significantly lower rates of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death and hospitalization due to heart failure were observed when the study drugs were added to standard therapy. In addition, it was evidenced that the reduction in cardiovascular clinical events manages to offset the cost of type 2 sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors resulting in a cost-effective use of resources at the health care level.Conclusions: As the transition to a new evidence-based era of managing patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease progresses, it is imperative that new therapies are developed that not only improve glycemic control, but also improve cardiovascular outcomes, because these events represent the major cause of mortality in this population.