Epidermolysis Bullosa: Innovative Treatment with Stem Cells, a Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: epidermolysis bullosa is a set of genetic disorders that originate from modifications in certain skin proteins that alter the union and structure of the dermis and epidermis. Clinically, it manifests itself through blisters. However, these lesions can spread to other areas. areas of the body, thus causing the appearance of chronic wounds. The conventional treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa has not been shown to improve the long-term quality of life of those who suffer from it, which is why researchers propose new therapies that allow improvements in the quality of life of patients, being one of the most promising, the use of stem cells. Methods: randomized clinical trials were selected that evaluated the efficacy and safety of stem cell treatment in patients with Epidermolysis bullosa compared to usual therapy and its cost-effectiveness. Results: based on the selected articles, several variables were measured. Four articles demonstrated the effectiveness of stem cell treatment compared to conventional treatment; two articles measured the economic considerations and access to this new treatment; four articles compared the benefits and disadvantages of using stem cells in patients with Epidermolysis bullosa; and finally, five articles demonstrated the impact that stem cells have in improving the quality of life of patients with Epidermolysis bullosa who undergo this type of therapy. Conclusions: at a global level, the effectiveness of the use of stem cells opens a promising research perspective that seeks to benefit the most vulnerable population affected by this disease, since it plays a key role in the significant reduction of blistering lesions, this represents a positive advance. in the management of the disease, as well as the improvement in its biological, psychological and social sphere, allowing an early introduction to daily activities, generating significant savings of resources for caregivers and for the State. Because, in Latin America, to date there is little research in this area, it should be considered a very promising line of research in the field of Dermatology. Similar situation in the case of Ecuador, where since there are no statistics on patients with this disease, nor data that contribute to the treatment of this vulnerable group, these investigations will provide a solid basis for researchers to adopt this new therapy