Treatment protocols for gynecomastia in adults

Abstract

Introduction: gynecomastia is a relatively common disorder in the male population, where between 36 % and 65 % have palpable glandular tissue measuring at least 2 cm in subareolar diameter. Although, initially it usually disappears on its own; According to data from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 0,2 % of cases are associated with male breast cancer. Objective: describe the treatment protocols for gynecomastia in adults in the period 2017-2021. Methods: a non-experimental study of a descriptive-correlational type, of bibliographic review, was carried out. Inclusion criteria were established as original articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from the last 5 years, whose topic was related to the treatment of gynecomastia and which presented methodologies and conclusive results. The data was collected from journals indexed in digital and academic databases such as: Scopus, Pubmed, LILACS, Springer. Results: with the research addressed, 12 articles were identified that cover substantial differences in current treatment compared to traditional management in patients with gynecomastia. Conclusion: it was concluded that tamoxifen is more efficient than radiotherapy as a pharmacological treatment of gynecomastia, and the surgical treatment with fewer complications is surgery with a posterior inferior pedicled tissue flap for breast reconstruction followed by the periareolar double pedicle technique.