Advancements in Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Introduction: Minimally Invasive Surgical (MIS) techniques have revolutionized the field of surgery, offering significant benefits over traditional open surgery. This narrative review examines the historical evolution, current advancements, and prospects of MIS, with a focus on its impact on patient outcomes, surgical training, and healthcare systems. Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements in MIS, highlighting technological innovations, changes in clinical practice, and the evolution of surgical education. The review also aims to discuss the challenges and future directions of MIS. Methods: The review included 24 articles published from 2004 to 2023. Criteria for inclusion were relevance to MIS development and impact, with exclusion for non-English and unrelated articles. Data were synthesized to outline the progression, current state, and future trends in MIS. Results: Key findings include significant advancements in surgical technologies such as robotics and enhanced imaging, the expansion of MIS across various specialties, and improved patient outcomes like reduced recovery times and lower complication rates. Challenges identified include the steep learning curve for surgeons and disparities in global access to MIS. Future trends indicate a move towards AI integration, personalized surgical approaches, and further refinement of robotic systems. Conclusions: MIS represents a paradigm shift in surgical practice, characterized by technological innovation and improved patient care. Despite challenges, its future is promising, with continuous advancements expected to further reshape surgical procedures.