Vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnant women

Abstract

Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a candidiasis of the vulva, which is caused by species of Candida spp., and affects women worldwide. Pregnant women are more susceptible to CVV due to certain risk factors. In addition, it predisposes to premature birth. Objectives: To analyze the risk factors for vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy and highlight the importance of treating vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy as a risk prevention strategy for premature rupture of the membrane and preterm labor. Material and methods: A bibliographic, descriptive and retrospective review was carried out of documents published by scientific societies that describe the current diagnostic approach and complications of candidal vulvovaginitis in pregnancy, as well as research works and scientific articles that describe prevention and treatment of vulvovaginitis. For the bibliographic search, works published in the last 5 years will be included and several documentary sources will be reviewed considering key words such as: Candida albicans, pregnancy, vulvovaginal candidiasis and vaginitis, to identify relevant and pertinent scientific articles in English and Spanish pages. , in different databases such as: PubMed, Elsevier, NCBI, Google Scholar, medical bibliography and clinical practice guidelines will also be attached. Results: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection caused by yeasts of the genus Candida that affects pregnant women more frequently than at any other time in their lives. The prevalence of infection varies between countries, with rates ranging between 10% and 50% in Latin America. CVV during pregnancy can lead to complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, neonatal infection, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections. Treatment options for VVC during pregnancy include clotrimazole and miconazole vaginal creams or suppositories, while fluconazole is not recommended during the first trimester due to the risk of congenital malformations. Conclusion: treatment of vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy is important to prevent complications and ensure the health of the mother and fetus