Determination of Diabetes-associated Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Risk Factors among Insulin and Non-insulin Dependent Diabetics

Abstract

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a microvascular consequence characterized by the dysfunction of cardiovascular autonomic regulation in individuals diagnosed with diabetes, in the absence of any other underlying causes. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Baghdad City, Iraq in order to assess the risk factors of diabetes-associated cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy among insulin and non-insulin dependent diabetics. from January 20th 2023 to August 1st 2023. The mean age of studied patients was 48 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 15 years. 99 of diabetic patients were males and 64 of them were females; 94 were IDDM and 66 were NIDDM patients. In NIDDM patients, autonomic neuropathy was substantially correlated with retinopathy (P < 0.001), with a greater frequency of retinopathic individuals (82%) in the autonomic neuropathy group. There was a strong relationship between blood pressure and almost every test in both types of diabetes. In this clinic-based investigation, it is clear that autonomic neuropathy is related to microvascular diabetes sequelae, such as retinopathy and nephropathy in IDDM. In IDDM, there is evidence that glycemic control is important, but in NIDDM, additional variables than metabolic control could be important. However, data suggest a connection between autonomic neuropathy and blood pressure. Longitudinal and epidemiological research are required to better understand the association between cardiovascular risk factors and autonomic neuropathy, as well as the pathophysiology, prognosis, and prognostic implications of autonomic neuropathy.