KränkungandErkrankung: Sexual Trauma before 1895

Author:

Janssen Diederik F.

Abstract

A tropology of moral injury and corruption long framed the plight of the sex crime victim. Nineteenth-century psychiatric acknowledgment of adverse sexual experience reflected general trends in etiological thought, especially on ‘epileptic’ and hysteric seizures, but on the whole remained descriptive, guarded and limited. Various experiential threats to the modern sexual self beyond assault and rape were granted etiological significance, however: illegitimate motherhood, masturbatory guilt, sexual enlightenment, ‘homosexual seduction’ and chance encounters leading to fetishistic fixation. These minor early appeals to medical psychology help us appreciate the multiple nuances of ‘sexual trauma’ advanced in Breuer and Freud’sStudies on Hysteria(1895) and Freud’s subsequent work.

Publisher

Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Subject

History,Medicine (miscellaneous),General Nursing

Reference183 articles.

1. Tardieu, ‘Étude médico-légale’, ibid., 159; Sigmund A.J. Schneider, ‘Bericht über die Leistungen in der gerichtlichen Medicin’, Canstatt’s Jahresbericht über die Fortschritte der gesammten Medicin in allen Ländern (1858), 1–32, see 20; L.H.S., ‘On a Very Important Characteristic Sign in the Medico-Legal History of Attempts at Rape. From the French of Dr. Legrand du Saulle’, The American Medical Monthly, 12 (July, 1859), 51–3; Freud, op. cit. (note 14), 433. The same effect was widely attributed to premature sexual activity per se, such as by J[oseph Ritter] von Maschka, ‘Zeichen der Jungfrauschaft und gesetzwidrige Befriedigung des Geschlechtstriebes’, in Maschka (ed.), Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medicin, 4 vols (Tübbingen: H. Laupp, 1881–2), 3:87–192, see 88.

2. Moriz Benedikt, ‘Aus der Pariser Kongresszeit. Erinnerungen und Betrachtungen [cont’d]’, Internationale klinische Rundschau, 3, 39 (29 September 1889), 1611–14, here 613. Apparently of some weight to the author himself, the case reappears in Benedikt’s Hypnotismus und Suggestion: Eine klinisch-psychologische Studie (Leipzig/Vienna: M. Breitenstein, 1894), 50–2, and his memoires, Aus meinem Leben: Erinnerungen und Erörterungen (Vienna: Carl Konegen, 1906), 136–7. The 1894 appearance was cited by Breuer as ‘interesting’ (op. cit., note 1, 184 n1).

3. 'The detestable crime of Seduction is another very fertile source of insanity, its cruelty and criminality must strongly impress every heart in which humanity is not wholly obliterated … in proportion to the sensibility, consciousness of shame, and remaining virtue of the victim, may we apprehend the degree of morbid effect on the intellect': Joseph Mason Cox, Practical Observations on Insanity, 2nd edn (London: C. & R. Baldwin [etc.], 1806), 24-5. See also G.H. Bergmann, 'Characteristische Uebersicht der im Jahre 1845 in die Heil- und Pflege-Anstalt zu Hildesheim auf genommenen Seelengestörten, nebst sonstigen die Psychopathologie betreffenden Erörterungen', Hannoversche Annalen für die gesammte Heilkunde: eine Zeitschrift (N.F.), 6 (1846), 641-83, esp. 643, 656

4. Karl Phil[ipp] Fischer, Grundzüge des Systems der Philosophie oder Encyclopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften, vol. 2, Pt. 1 (Erlangen: Heyder & Zimmer, 1850), 96, 111

5. Hermann Eberhard Friedrich Richter, Grundriss der inneren Klinik für akademische Vorlesungen und zum Selbststudium, 3rd edn, vol. 1 (Leipzig: Leopold Voss, 1855), 556

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