Anti-filarial activity of novel formulations of albendazole against experimental brugian filariasis

Abstract

The study was aimed at developing better orally active albendazole (ALB) formulations. Six formulations (ALB-1 to ALB-6) were prepared and tested against Brugia malayi in Mastomys coucha and jird (Meriones unguiculatus) at 200 mg/kg, orally, for 5 consecutive days. The anti-filarial efficacy was assessed against microfilariae (mf), adult worms and female reproductive potential. Three of the 6 ALB formulations showed greatly improved female worm sterilizing potential (ALB-1: 90%; ALB-3: 63%; ALB-4: 77% of untreated control) in B. malayi – M. coucha model. Sterilization efficacy of ALB-1 was also better than that shown by pure-ALB (P<0·001) or its marketed tablet formulation, Zentel (P<0·01), while that of ALB-4 was better than pure-ALB (P<0·05). The activity of ALB-3, pure-ALB and Zentel was, however, comparable. ALB-1 also showed late microfilaricidal activity with a maximum of 78% fall in microfilarial count. In contrast, neither the pure ALB nor Zentel showed any microfilaricidal activity. In the jird – B. malayi model, ALB-1 and ALB-4 showed marginal sterilizing efficacy whereas pure ALB or Zentel were ineffective. In conclusion the anti-filarial efficacy of ALB-1 was found to be superior to pure-ALB or Zentel.