The Burden of Illness of Migraine in Canada: New Insights on Humanistic and Economic Cost

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Background: The aim of this study was to characterize the burden of illness of migraine in Canada. The primary objective was to estimate the annual direct medical resource use and associated costs in migraine patients who failed at least two prophylactic therapies for migraine. Methods: Adults with at least four migraine days per month and who had failed at least two prophylactic migraine therapies were included. Participation in a clinical trial within 12 months of enrollment was the sole exclusionary criterion. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, migraine-related treatment and medical history, and direct medical resource utilization were collected through a retrospective medical chart review. Data on patient characteristics, lifestyle factors, treatments, medical resource utilization, out-of-pocket expenses, and indirect costs were collected through a cross-sectional patient survey. The patient survey also included validated patient-reported outcome instruments to assess migraine impact on quality of life and work productivity loss. Results: In total, 287 migraine patients were included. The mean time since migraine diagnosis was 14.3 years and patients experienced a mean of 14.1 migraine days per month. The total estimated annual cost of chronic migraine (CM) was $25,669 per patient, while the annual total costs for high-frequency episodic and low-frequency episodic migraine (EM) were estimated to be $24,885 and $15,651, respectively. Conclusion: Migraine is associated with moderate to severe disability. This results in substantial economic burden, directly from healthcare costs such as prescription medications and indirectly through lost work productivity. We also observed that patients with high-frequency EM experience significant burden, similar to that observed for patients with CM.