To grow or to reproduce? Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic allometry in two Sesarmidae species (Crustacea: Brachyura)

Abstract

Differences between sexes may arise either during development or at the adult stage only. In both cases growth rate during development and level of allometry may influence sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic trajectories. To analyse the period in which sexual dimorphism appears during ontogeny and assess allometric ontogeny in Sesarmidae crabs, we evaluated: (1) sexual dimorphism in shape and size of the carapace and cheliped propodus of juveniles and adultAratus pisoniiandArmases rubripes, and (2) their ontogenetic trajectory, using geometric morphometric (GM) techniques. We tested the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism in sesarmid crab shape takes place before the puberty moult. InAratus pisoniithere was sexual dimorphism in the shape of the carapace in juveniles (before puberty moult) and variation between juveniles and adults was size-dependent, especially in the frontal region of the carapace. ForArmases rubripesthis shape sexual dimorphism was detected only after the puberty moult (adult phase). For males, carapace variation between juveniles and adults was also size-dependent, especially in the carapace frontal region, but for females, there was a change in shape with different trajectories. Our results also indicated that shape variation is a common pattern during growth for Sesarmidae species. This ontogenetic shape variation may be associated with spatial partitioning between juveniles and adults.