Small-scale distribution patterns of two cirratulid species with a description of a peculiar early juvenile stage

Abstract

An assemblage of cirratulids in a confined marine basin (Mediterranean Sea) was investigated at small spatio-temporal scales in an experiment in which artificial granules of expanded fire-clay were used as a bare substratum for colonization. Analysis of core samples of 3.5 l undisturbed natural sediments (source area) and equal volumes of artificial substratum (new settlement area), plunged into the sea bottom were carried out from May to July 2008 after 0, 15, 30 and 60 days.Caulleriella bioculatashowed the highest total mean density of 10.1 ± 5.8 N l−1in the natural sediment, and the lowest at 0.13 ± 0.08 N l−1in the artificial substratum, with a marked temporal decrease. Individuals were not strongly aggregated and were found in a deeper sediment layer. The density of largeCirriformia tentaculatawas 0.5 ± 0.3 N l−1, with individuals more aggregated and confined to shallower sediments, versus 0.10 ± 0.06 N l−1but found deeper in the artificial substratum; temporal trends were not straightforward for this species. The adult stage of sedentary cirratulids appeared to actively move into the new available substratum from the neighbouring sediments. An early cirratulid juvenile stage was observed in both microhabitats at a comparable density of 1.8 ± 2.8 N l−1with highly aggregated individuals (cohorts). The peculiar morphology of branchiae, the threadlike body shape and the multivariate morphological differences between two sub-populations settled in the different substrata are reported for these problematic specimens.