1. Ezra Mendelsohn , The Jews of East Central Europe between the Two Wars (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983), 92
2. Road Runners
3. Salo W. Baron , Steeled by Adversity: Essays and Addresses on American Jewish Life, ed. Jeanette Meisel Baron (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1971), 296–306
4. The Golden Age Shtetl
5. Ben-Cion Pinchuk , Shtetl Jews under Soviet Rule: Eastern Poland on the Eve of the Holocaust (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990), 41–64