Evidence for Non-Velocity Redshifts-New Evidence and Review

Abstract

Evidence for non-velocity redshifts in quasars and galaxies is reviewed. It is shown that all current statistical tests favour the association of at least some quasars with relatively nearby galaxies. It is shown that a statistically significant number of quasars falling close to faint galaxies have intermediate redshift (between z = 0.4 and 1.8). This confirms the previous result that those are the intrinsically most luminous quasars and keeps open the possibility that less luminous quasars can appear projected at large distances around very nearby galaxies.It is shown that in four individual cases where quasars fall, projected, closest to bright galaxies, the galaxies show evidence of physical interaction. New evidence for perturbations of the inner isophotes of NGC 4319 by Markarian 205 and by a radio source on the opposite side is presented.Evidence for systematically higher redshifts for compact and peculiar companion galaxies is reviewed. The intrinsic redshift-morphology relation for clusters of galaxies is commented upon and the relation to Tifft's work is noted. As a summarizing diagram, the individual associations of high redshift quasars and companions are used to show an empirical continuity of observed characteristics between compactness (taken to be a measure of youth) and excess redshift.Finally some possible theoretical explanations for intrinsic redshifts are mentioned.