In vitrocell and tissue models for studying host–microbe interactions: a review

Abstract

Ideally, cell models should resemble thein vivoconditions; however, in mostin vitroexperimental models, epithelial cells are cultivated as monolayers, in which the establishment of functional epithelial features is not achieved. To overcome this problem, co-culture experiments with probiotics, dendritic cells and intestinal epithelial cells and three-dimensional models attempt to reconcile the complex and dynamic interactions that existin vivobetween the intestinal epithelium and bacteria on the luminal side and between the epithelium and the underlying immune system on the basolateral side. Additional models include tissue explants, bioreactors and organoids. The present review details thein vitromodels used to study host–microbe interactions and explores the new tools that may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of these interactions.