1. Watt, Montgomery “Al-Ghazālī,” = Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition. Edited by H. A. R. Gibb et al., 8 vols. and supplement to date. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–., II:1038
2. Sharpe, J. A. Judicial Punishment in England. London: Faber & Faber, 1990
3. Watson, Alan Legal Transplants. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1974
4. Vaglieri, L. Veccia. “cAbd Allāh ibn cUmar.” = Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition. Edited by H. A. R. Gibb et al., 8 vols. and supplement to date. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–., I:53
5. Vadet, J. C. “Ibn Mascūd.” = Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition. Edited by H. A. R. Gibb et al., 8 vols. and supplement to date. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960–., III:873