1. Hsiao Ch'i-ch'ing . Yüan tai shih hsin t'an. Taipei: Hsin wen-feng ch'u-pan kung-ssu, 1983.
2. Isono Fujiko . “A few reflections on the anda relationship.” In vol. 2 of Aspects of Altaic civilization, ed. Larry V. Clark and Paul A. Draghi . Indiana University Uralic and Altaic Series no. 134. Bloomington: Indiana University, 1978.
3. Hambis Louis . Gengis khan. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1973.
4. Vladimirtsov Boris IAkovlevich . Gengis-khan. Trans. Michel Carsow . Introduction historique par René Grousset . Paris: Librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1948.
5. Sung Lien et al., eds. Yüan shih. 15 vols. Peking: Chung-hua shu-chü, 1976 ed.