1. Katsuya Hirano , The Politics of Dialogic Imagination: Power and Popular Culture in Early Modern Japan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013)
2. Eiko Ikegami , Bonds of Civility: Aesthetic Networks and the Political Origins of Japanese Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 273–274
3. Thorstein Veblen ’s formulation in ‘Conspicuous Consumption’, in Juliet B. Schor and Douglas B. Holt (eds.), The Consumer Society, eds. (New York: New Press, 2000), 187–204
4. Osamu Wakita , Kinsei Osaka no Machi to Hito (Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 2015), 200
5. Mark Teeuwen and Kate Wildman Nakai , eds. and trans., Lust, Commerce, and Corruption (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014), 281