A meta-analysis of low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions for dementia caregivers

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectives:This study aimed to review the effectiveness of low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)–based interventions for informal dementia caregivers when compared to non-active control conditions.Design:Literature searches were conducted in databases of published (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus) and unpublished (Open Grey, ISRCTN registry, ClinicalTrials.gov, ProQuest) literature. Individual meta-analyses were conducted for each outcome variable. Pooled intervention effect estimates were calculated as Hedge’sgusing a random-effects model.Included studies:Studies examining the effect of low-intensity CBT-based interventions for informal caregivers for people with any progressive dementia were included. Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials were included.Measurements:Outcomes included the psychological variables of anxiety, depression, burden, and distress (defined as stress or strain).Results:A total of five studies reported anxiety outcomes, 12 reported on depression, three reported on burden, and six reported distress outcomes. Results demonstrated a significant effect of low-intensity CBT-based interventions in reducing all examined psychological difficulties. Small effect sizes were found for anxiety (g= 0.35), depression (g= 0.27), and distress (g= 0.33). A medium effect was found for burden (g= 0.53).Conclusions:The results provide initial support for low-intensity CBT-based interventions for dementia caregivers. Clinical implications and research recommendations are explored. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed.